Composite building structure.



No. 801,361. PATENTED OOT.1O,19O5. J. B. CLAYTON L R. D. O. JOHNSON.

COMPOSITE BUILDING STRUCTURE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 14. 1903.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN B. CLAYTON, OF KIRKWOOD, AND RENO D. O. JOHNSON, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

COMPOSITE BUILDING STRUCTURE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 10, 1905.

To (LU 'whmit 7125 Huey concern:

Be it known that we, JOHN B. CLAYTON, residing at Kirkwood, in the county of St. Louis, and RENO D. O. JOHNSON, residing at St. Louis, in the State of Missouri, citizens ofthe United States, have jointly invented certain new and useful Improvements in CompositeBuilding Structures,of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to a concrete wall and roof for buildings, and has for its object to provide a simple and efficient structural combination and arrangement of parts with which a very light, rigid, and substantial structure is attained in a convenient and economical manner, all as will hereinafter more fully appear and be more particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings illustrative of the present invention, Figure 1 is a transverse sectional elevation of an arched topped structure embodying the present invention. Fig. 2 is a detail sectional perspective view of the same. Fig. 3 is an enlarged detail section illustrating the eave construction of the present improved structure. Fig. 4 is a similar View of a modification.

Similar numerals of reference indicate like parts in the several views.

As represented in the drawings, the present building-wall and roof structure comprises outer and inner concrete facing webs or shells 2, arranged in separated and substantially parallel relation and integrally connected together by transverse concrete webs 3,arranged at right angles to each other, so as to intersect and form, in connection with the aforesaid outer and inner facing-webs 2, an integral cellular wall or roof structure,the cells whereof are of a rectangular form arranged in close yet isolated relation to each other, as shown.

In connection with the above-described cellular concrete wall and roof structure the present invention involves the inclosure in the isolated cells thereof of a series of fillings l, of compressed straw or the like, in the form of rectangular bales of the required size and held in shape by a suitable wire or like binders.

The structural arrangement above set forth is adapted to afford a very rigid wall or roof having all the appearance of a solid concrete structure, while aording'extreme lightness as compared with an ordinary stone or brick wall, so that the present construction is capable of many uses where such older and heavier structures are not admissable, and more especially in fireproof roofs, where exceeding lightness combined with strength are the desired requisites.

In connection with the great lightness above mentioned the present structure is practically Iireproof, in that the rectangular bale-like illings l, of straw, are entirely protected from iire and other destructive elements by the continuous concrete walls of the containing-cells, as well as entirely isolated from each other, so that in case the wall-of one cell should be accidentally broken and fire communicated to its combustible straw filling l such filling could be entirely consumed without setting fire to the fillings in the adjacent cells of the structure. A

In the application of the present invention to roofs the rectangular form before described of the cells of thepstructure will be preserved, while one set of the transverse webs 3 will have a sector shape corresponding to the curve of the roof.

In the particular structural formation shown in the drawings as illustrative of this part of the present invention a structure is involved having a pair of the described roof-arches having a central support and spanning vertical side walls, the construction in detail being as follows: 4 represents centrally-arranged vertical posts extending upward from the foundation of the building' and carrying at top the longitudinal Stringer or beam 5, which in turn carries abutment-boards 6, supported by angular braces 7, to afford a supporting base or abutment for the adjacent ends of the beforedescribed pair of roof-arches. 8 represents horizontal stretcher-timbers arranged at the base of the roof-arches and extending from one side wall to the other, with their ends projecting out from said side walls to constitute the supporting means for the eaves of the roof, as hereinafter more fully set forth. 9 represents skewbacks arranged outside the side walls for the substantial attachment of the aforesaid stretcher-timbers 8 to said side walls to tie the same together against the out- IOO ward thrust of the roof-arches. lO represents inclined cave-boards secured to the outer ends of the l'iorizontal stretcher-timbers 8 aforesaid. 1l represents long'itudinal strips laid in the concrete web 3 between the first two courses of bales of the roof-arches. 12 is a metallic lathing of any usual form extending from the longitudinal strips l1, to the eaveboards lO and adapted to receive and hold a coating la of plaster or conc-rete to constitute the finished eave of the structure. 13 represents gutters formed by depressions in the metallic lathing l2 and in the concrete coating' la thereon for carrying away rainfall and the like.

, Ye are aware that prior to our invention bales of straw and the like have been assembled together and coated with plaster to constitute the wall of a building, but that in all such prior constructions the coating of plaster was merely for the purpose of giving a finish to one or both exposed surfaces" of the wall and were not depended upon to afford any strength to the wall, other and independent means being' proposed in all prior constructions to tie the series of bales together and afford the required rigidity to the structure.

Having thus fully described our said invention, what we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent. is-

1. in a composite building structure, a cellular concrete wall, comprising inner and outer facing-webs in parallel and separated relation, integral transverse connecting-webs in angular and intersecting relation to each other to provide cells in close and isolated relation, and fillings of' compressed straw or the like inclosed in said cells, substantially as set forth.

2. ln a composite building structure, a cellular concrete wall, comprising inner and outer facing-webs in parallel and separated relation, integral transverse connecting-webs in angular and intersecting relation to each other to provide rectangular cells in close and isolated relation, and rectangular fillings of compressed straw or the like inclosed in said cells, substantially as set forth.

3. 1n a composite building structure, a curved cellular concrete wall or roof, comprising curved inner and outer facing-webs in parallel and separated relation, integral transverse connecting-webs in angular and intersecting relation to each other to provide cells in close and isolated relation, and fillings of compressed straw or the like inclosed in said cells, substantially as set forth.

a. In a composite building structure, a curved cellular concrete wall or roof, comprising inner and outer facing-webs in parallel and separated relation, integral transverse connecting-webs in angular and intersecting relation to each other to provide cells in close and isolated relation, and fillings of' compressed straw or the like inclosed in said cells, one set of the aforesaid intersecting' webs having a sector form, substantially as set forth.

1n a composite building' structure, a curved cellular concrete wall or roof, comprising inner and outer facing-webs in parallel and separated relation, integral transverse connecting-webs in angular and intersecting relation to each other to provide rectangular cells in close and isolated relation, and rectangular filling's of compressed straw or the like inclosed in said cells, one set of the aforesaid intersecting webs having a sector form, substantially as set forth.

6. In a composite building structure, the combination of side walls, and an arched roofI formed bya series of' dense and compact bales of stems or stalks, longitudinal stringers eX- tending from side Wall to side wall and projecting outside the same to constitute supports for the eaves of the structure, and eaves supported on said stringers, substantially as set forth.

7. In a composite building structure, the combination of side walls, and an arched roof formed by a series of dense and compact bales of stems or stalks, longitudinal stringers eX- tending from side wall to side wall and projecting outside the same to constitute supports for the eaves of the structure, and eaves formed by longitudinal strips arranged between the first two courses of' the roof-arch, eave-boards Carried by the horizontal stringers, metallic lathings connecting said strips and boards together, and imposed coatings of plaster or concrete, substantially as set forth.

8. In a composite building structure, the combination of side walls, and a roof formed by a series of' arches formed by a series of dense and compact bales of stems or stalks, central supporting-posts carrying' abutmentboards for the adjacent ends of the arches, and longitudinal stringers extending from side wall to side wall of the structure, substantially as set forth.

9. In a composite building' structure, the combination of side walls, and a roof formed by a series of arches formed by a series of dense and compact bales of stems or stalks, central supporting-posts carrying abutmentboards for the adjacent ends of the arches, and longitudinal stringers extending from side wall to side wall and projecting outside the same to constitute supports for the eaves of the structure, and eaves supported on said stringers, substantially as set forth.

l0. 1n a composite building structure, the combination of' side walls, and a roof' formed by a series of arches formed by a series of dense and compact bales of stems or stalks, central supporting-posts carrying abutmentboards for the adjacent ends of the arches, and longitudinal stringers extending from side wall to side wall and projecting outside IOO lIO

the same to constitute supports for the eaves of the structure, and eaves formed by the longitudinal strips arranged between the first two courses of the roof-arch, eaVe-boards oarried by the horizontal stringers, metallic lathings connecting said strips and boards together, and imposed coatings of plaster or concrete, substantially as set forth.

l In testimony whereof We have signed our names to this specification in the presence of I0 two subscribing Witnesses.

JOHN B. CLAYTON.

RENO D. O. JOHNSON.

/Vitnesses:

ROBERT BURNS, M. H. HOLMES. 

